High-interest debt from credit cards or loans can make it hard to efficiently manage your finances and can lead to falling behind on payments; even minimum payments can be tough to make when debt gets out of control. If you have the equity available in your home, a debt consolidation mortgage may be able to help.

A debt consolidation mortgage is a type of refinance that combines 2 or more liabilities into one mortgage or a home equity line of credit, or HELOC. The reason that this could be a great option to help pay down debt is that once all the liabilities are paid off, you are left with one payment rather than multiple payments. It can be easier to manage the one payment than cover a bunch of payments that seem to keep growing over time.

Another benefit of using a debt consolidation mortgage is that the interest rate will likely be much less than the rate being charged on credit cards and loans. It is common to see credit card interest rates above 20% versus a mortgage or HELOC rate that will likely be considerably less. The lower interest rate will assist in being able to get ahead of your debt since less of your monthly payments will be going to pay interest, and seeing balances grow month by month may be eliminated.

It is important to mention that before entering into a debt consolidation mortgage, a budget should be prepared to ensure that the debt consolidation mortgage will put you into a better position. Even though this is usually the case, a calculated and detailed budget can provide evidence of the better position. While going through the budget and liabilities, it is also important to review interest rates on existing liabilities to ensure that they are not less than the planned mortgage or HELOC rate. Unless the lender required it, there wouldn't be much sense in paying of a low interest car loan with a mortgage that may feature a higher rate.

While reviewing the budget and mortgage options, it is also important to consider if the debt consolidation mortgage should be used for any existing mortgages on your property, or if it is better to leave the existing mortgage in place and use a HELOC or second mortgage to consolidate the debt. Much like using a debt consolidation mortgage to pay out a low interest car loan, it likely wouldn't make sense to pay out a mortgage with a low rate, or incur a large penalty to break the current mortgage. The potential higher rate on the mortgage or penalties may erase any potential savings from the debt consolidation.

Since debt consolidation scenarios can be wide-ranging and there are many moving parts to them, especially when loans and mortgages are involved, I will focus my example on consolidating credit card debts and a personal line of credit into a home equity line of credit. This basic example will show the cash flow and interest savings that can be found by moving multiple high interest debts into one liability and monthly payment.

Let's say that clients have total credit card debt of $40,000 at 20.99% with a combined minimum monthly payment of $1,200, and a personal line of credit of $20,000 at 12% with a minimum monthly payment of $300. The monthly interest cost on these debts would be roughly $900 and the combined minimum monthly payments would be $1,500. 

By consolidated these debts into a $60,000 home equity line of credit we can not only reduce the monthly payment and increase cash flow; but, we can also save a substantial amount of interest expense. For the purposes of this example, I will use a home equity line of credit rate of prime + 4%; however, it should be noted that depending who your mortgage is with, a HELOC may feature a rate in the neighborhood of prime + 1%.

As of the time of writing this podcast, prime is currently 6.45%, which means our example is going to use a rate of 10.45%, which is not far off of the personal loan interest rate; but, is much lower than the rate on the higher balance credit cards.

Using the interest rate of 10.45% for the home equity line of credit, the monthly interest cost would be $523 and the minimum monthly payment would be lender specific and would need to cover at least the interest and some principal; let's say for example, the minimum monthly payment is $623. Using this example, we have an interest savings of $377 per month, or $4,524 per year and extra cash flow of $877 per month.

As mentioned previously, it is important to ensure that a debt consolidation mortgage is the right solution and will actually put you in a better financial position. A Mortgage Broker will be able to calculate your savings and assist with building a budget to make sure that the planned debt consolidation solution is in your best interests when presenting all the benefits and drawbacks. A full review will also indicate which debts should be included and which debts may be able to be left in place in order to maximize your savings.

In conclusion, a debt consolidation mortgage is basically a mortgage refinance or the addition of a home equity line of credit or additional mortgage. The funds advanced from the lender are used to pay out higher interest debts and consolidate them all into one lower payment with less interest expense. It is important to review your options with a Mortgage Broker to see if it is the right solution for you and find out how much you can potentially save by consolidating your debt!

In order to make sure that every client's file is set-up for success right up to and past closing day, Mortgage Foundations follows a Client Journey. Today, we will discuss the steps involved throughout the Client Journey and explain what happens at each step in the process.

The first step in the Client Journey is the Discovery Call and Mortgage Application step. This is where we learn as much as possible about your mortgage application and ask questions to ensure we are clear about your goals and requirements for your home financing needs. During this step we also answer any questions that you may have in order to find out the benefits of working with a Mortgage Broker, specifically Mortgage Foundations. We will also take this opportunity to give you an accurate idea of what to expect through the home financing process and ensure that you are aware of closing costs and document requirements so there is little room for surprises later.

The next step may not always be required since you may have already secured a property or are looking for home financing options other than purchasing a property; such as a switch or re-finance. If you are actively searching for a property, or planning to shortly, the Mortgage Pre-Approval step is highly recommended as it will allow us to submit your file to a lender that will review everything and ensure that nothing has been missed and it will give them the opportunity to ask any questions ahead of time for further clarity on the file. A pre-approval is also an opportunity to obtain an interest rate hold so that you can shop for a property with the confidence of having a rate in place. The rate hold will protect you from interest rate increases up to the expiration of the pre-approval. If rates end up coming down below your rate hold by the time you secure a property, you will receive the lower rate. Pre-approvals are conditional, and since they have been generated based on some unknowns, such as the property, a condition of financing is always recommended, even with a pre-approval.

While you are shopping for your next home, we will be sure to keep in contact and always recommend that you run any potential properties by us so that we can check the qualifying using the actual figures for the property. During this time, it is also important to keep everything as-is in regards to employment, liabilities, bill payments, and your credit profile overall. Unexpected changes to these things could end up affecting your qualification when you do find a property and we submit for a commitment.

Speaking of a commitment, that is the next step in the Client Journey. Once you have obtained an accepted offer on a property, we can then re-work the file and update any information that needs to be and then submit for what is commonly referred to as a live submission. At this point, the lender will review the file completely, including the property information, and also ensure that it meets the insurers' guidelines if it will be an insured or insurable mortgage. Once the lender confirms everything is good and that they are in a position to approve the mortgage they will issue a commitment. The commitment will include any conditions that need to be met by a certain amount of time ahead of closing day. We always strive to get as much documentation up front; however, it is usually at this step where we request additional documents in order to satisfy the lender's conditions. Once you have received the commitment, reviewed it, and are comfortable that you will be able to meet the conditions, we arrange to have the commitment and other documents signed and returned to the lender. This is also where we discuss the importance of having coverage such as Mortgage Protection Plan, or MPP in place, since anything can happen and you will want to ensure that you and your family are protected. Coverage can even start ahead of closing while we are working on clearing the conditions of your mortgage.  

Working together to get the conditions satisfied well ahead of time is imperative to make sure that the lawyer, or solicitor, can get to work on their side nice and early, since the lawyer getting instructed by the lender is the next step once we are broker complete or close to. Your lawyer will receive all their documents with instructions on what needs to be done for the lender to supply the funds to close the mortgage on closing day. We will be there to assist your lawyer with anything they may need from us to make for a seamless process for them.

Once your lawyer has everything prepared for your closing, they will reach out to set a date and time with you to perform the final signing and will also let you know how much funds you will need to supply them in order for the mortgage to close. This amount will be comprised of your down payment, legal fees, registration costs, land transfer taxes, title insurance and any other adjustments, taxes or fees that apply. It is also important that you make sure to take up to date valid identification to your meeting with the lawyer since they are required to confirm your identity.

After the signing is complete and everything is ready to go, we proceed to the biggest and most exciting step, which is the closing day. This is the day where everything happens, and all the money moves around between the lender and the lawyers, and the final registrations are taken care of. Once the seller's lawyer confirms that they have received the funds to complete the sale, you will receive the keys to your new property. If the transaction was a switch or re-finance, it is very much the same; money just moves in different directions.

Now that your mortgage is closed and you have received your refinance funds or are settling into your new home, our job is far from over. We will follow-up with you shortly after closing to make sure that everything went smoothly, remind you of when to expect your first payment to come out, and answer any questions that you may have. After this, we will continue to remain in contact, including on your annual mortgage anniversary, where we will update you with property information and can work with you to review your mortgage to ensure that it still fits your goals and is suitable for any potential future changes. As your dedicated mortgage professional, we are always there for any advice or to answer any questions you may have since the client journey is ongoing.

In as many weeks, Canadians got another big announcement when it came to mortgages last week, and it may lead some to think, what's next? After the federal government announced surprise changes to amortization and maximum purchase prices for insured mortgages a couple weeks ago, the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions seemed to have a hold my beer moment and made a huge surprise announcement themselves, this one was around uninsured, or conventional, mortgages.

First, who is the Office of the Supervisor of Financial Institutions, or OSFI for short? OSFI is an independent agency of the government of Canada that regulates and supervises financial institutions, in order to contribute public confidence in the financial system. Being independent, even though they are a part of the federal government, they are able to set their mandates and make decisions independently of government intervention.

Last week, OSFI announced that effective November 21st, they would scrap the requirement for financial institutions to stress test clients when the clients are looking to switch their uninsured mortgage from one lender to another. This is a huge win for mortgage holders as it now makes it easier to obtain the most competitive mortgage rates and products when your mortgage comes up for renewal, even if they are not with your current lender.

Currently, if someone wanted to switch their mortgage to a new lender, they would have to prove that they could afford the mortgage at a higher rate, also known as the stress test, which qualifies the mortgage at 5.25% or the contract rate + 2%, whichever is higher. The issue here is that by having the stress test in place, it could effectively block you from switching a mortgage that you are already affording to a new lender because the stress test may say you actually can't afford it.

This potential roadblock could possibly lead to your lender offering higher rates because they may think, or know, that you have nowhere else to go and will have no choice but to renew with them at whichever rate they offer. It is important to note that OSFI has said that it has found no evidence of this happening; however, the potential does present an unfair advantage to your current lender.

This potential unfairness was the subject of a Competition Bureau recommendation to OSFI this past March that was actually turned down by OSFI where they announced that they had no plans to remove the stress test on uninsured mortgages when a client was looking to switch lenders. As part of its recommendation, the Competition Bureau criticized the rule and said that switching lenders and promoting fairness should be focused on more than discouraging the practice.

Six short months later, OSFI makes a complete 180 and will now allow the increased competition. As mentioned this is a huge win for mortgage holders, especially ahead of the next few years, which are set to have the most mortgages coming up for renewal.

To summarize the change, when your uninsured mortgage comes up for renewal and your lenders offers you renewal options, you can now shop your mortgage with a Mortgage Broker to see which lenders would offer competitive interest rates and products that would allow you to switch your mortgage to them by qualifying at the actual contract rate, not the higher rate. You do still need to qualify to prove that you can afford the mortgage; however, you don't need to qualify at an inflated rate presented by having to use the stress test. This may even lead to your current lender offering more attractive renewal rates since they know there will no longer be the obstacle that could stop you from reviewing other options.

Overall, this is an announcement that has been advocated for by the mortgage industry for a long time and ensures fairness to Canadian mortgage borrowers. It has been a big couple of weeks with a few surprise announcements to rules and regulations that Mortgage Brokers have been pushing for and up to now thought that there would be no movement by the regulators in charge of them.

So, you're curious about alternative mortgage lenders, huh? Well, you've come to the right place! Let's dive right into it and explore what exactly an alternative mortgage lender is. When we think about getting a mortgage, the first thing that usually comes to mind is heading straight to a traditional bank or credit union. After all, they are the most commonly known and trusted sources for most loans, including mortgages. However, there is a whole world of alternative mortgage lenders out there that you may not be aware of. It is important to note first and foremost that a common misconception is that needing to source funding from an alternative lender is indicative of something negative, such as bruised credit; however, that could not be farther from the truth. In fact, many of the strongest clients are with an alternative lender simply because the traditional banks or prime lenders are unable to work with their income or investment situation. A perfect example of this is a self-employed individual that chooses to pay themselves a low income and take advantage of the tax write-offs available to them or a real estate investor that increases the size of their property portfolio and no longer qualifies based on a prime lender's lending guidelines. Also important to note that many of the prime lenders also have an alternative lending side in order to maximize the solutions they have available for all clients. To put it simply, an alternative mortgage lender is any entity or institution that provides mortgage loans outside of the conventional banking system. These lenders often cater to borrowers who may not meet the strict criteria set forth by traditional lenders. They offer unconventional mortgage options that can be a great fit for those who may have unique financial situations or obstacles. One of the key characteristics of alternative mortgage lenders is that they typically have more flexible underwriting standards compared to traditional lenders. This means that they are more willing to work with borrowers who have less-than-stellar credit scores, limited income documentation, or non-traditional sources of income. So, if you've been turned down by a traditional lender due to a low credit score or lack of steady income, an alternative mortgage lender may be the answer you've been looking for. These lenders often specialize in niche markets and cater to specific borrower profiles. For example, some alternative mortgage lenders focus on lending to self-employed individuals who may have difficulty proving their income through traditional means. Others may specialize in providing loans to real estate investors or borrowers with unique property types, such as vacation rentals or mixed-use properties. Now you might be wondering, how do these alternative mortgage lenders work? Well, they typically raise funds from various sources, such as private investors or institutional investors, rather than relying on deposits like traditional banks. This allows them to have more flexibility in their lending practices and offer a wider range of loan options. So, why would someone choose to work with an alternative mortgage lender instead of a traditional bank? Well, there are a few reasons that make alternative lenders an attractive option for certain borrowers. Firstly, as mentioned earlier, alternative lenders have more flexible underwriting standards. This means that they can often work with borrowers who may not qualify for a loan from a traditional lender. So, if you've been turned away by a bank due to a low credit score, high debt-to-income ratio, or lack of income documentation, an alternative lender may be more willing to work with you and find a solution that fits your unique circumstances. Secondly, alternative lenders can often provide faster loan approvals and funding compared to traditional lenders. This can be particularly advantageous for individuals or investors who need to act quickly in a competitive real estate market. Additionally, alternative mortgage lenders may offer unique loan programs and features that are not available through traditional lenders. For example, they may offer interest-only payment options, flexible repayment terms, or creative financing solutions tailored to specific borrower needs. So, if you have a specific financing requirement or a non-traditional property type, an alternative mortgage lender may have the perfect solution for you. Of course, it's important to note that working with an alternative mortgage lender does come with some considerations. These lenders may charge slightly higher interest rates and have lender fees that a traditional lender doesn’t. This is because they are taking on higher risk borrowers or providing loans with less documentation. So, it's crucial to carefully analyze the costs and terms of the loan before making a decision. All costs of the mortgage (including future costs associated with the mortgage) should be considered and calculated with the assistance of a mortgage broker in order to protect yourself and ensure that the product is a suitable solution for you and your family. In conclusion, alternative mortgage lenders offer a valuable alternative to traditional banks and credit unions for borrowers who may not meet the strict criteria of conventional lenders. They provide flexible underwriting standards, unique loan programs, and faster loan approvals, making them an attractive option for many homebuyers or real estate investors. If you're in a unique financial situation or have been turned away by a traditional lender, it's worth exploring the options offered by alternative mortgage lenders.

Let's say you have a mortgage commitment from a lender, and prior to the closing date, rates change and come down a bit. Today, we will discuss how this change in rates can potentially benefit you and save you some money in interest expense; or how a rate change can affect how much more you could potentially qualify for if you have a pre-approval with a rate hold.

Rates are rarely static with any lender and can change weekly or even daily. When you have a mortgage commitment, you are protected from rate increases as long as there are no material changes in the application prior to the closing date; however, if rates come down before closing, you may be able to take advantage of this new lower rate.

It is important to discuss any potential rate adjustments with your Mortgage Broker since every lender is different, and some allow for multiple rate adjustments on a file, and some allow only one or even none. It is also important to consider how close to closing the rate adjustment opportunity is, as if it is too close to the closing date, the lender may not have time to make the adjustment and issue new documentation for the lawyer. When dealing with a lender that only allows one rate adjustment, the decision of when to request it is to be made strategically to limit the possibility of adjusting the rate down and then watching them fall further without the ability to make another change.

Even though rates are always changing, it should not be expected to see a drastic change in rates between when you receive the mortgage commitment and the closing date; however, even a small change can make a difference in not only your interest expense over the term of your mortgage; but, also the amount of the monthly payment, which will increase your cash flow with each payment.

For our example, we will use a $500,000 mortgage amount with a 5 year fixed rate that is amortized over 25 years. The original interest rate on the mortgage commitment is 4.99% and a few weeks before closing the lender reduces their rate to 4.89% on the same term and mortgage product. Your Mortgage Broker would check with the lender if a rate adjustment, or float down, as it is known in the industry, is available and would present the following to you to see if you would like to have the rate adjustment applied.

The rate reduction would result in a payment that would be $28 lower per month and would not only save you $2,400 over the 5 year term; but, would also result in $700 more principal being paid, for a net savings of $3,100. Not to bad for a simple request from the lender.

When it comes to how a rate decrease affects a pre-approval, it isn't that it changes the pre-approval itself since the rate on the pre-approval certificate is held and in effect for 4 months; it can however change the amount that you would qualify for if you find and secure a property with an accepted offer to purchase while the lower rate is active. This can be helpful if your qualifying amount on your pre-approval is a bit lower than what is required to purchase a property in the location you are looking at; sometimes a couple extra thousand dollars is enough to get an accepted offer.

For example, let's say you have a pre-approval for a maximum purchase price of $700,000 and a rate of 4.99% held and rates come down to 4.79% while you are shopping for a property. The purchase amount that you would potentially be able to qualify for with this new rate would be $711,000, or an increase of $11,000. It is important to note that you must ensure to discuss this with your Mortgage Broker so that they can adjust qualifying based on actual amounts for the property; and of course, even with a pre-approval, a condition of financing is a must in order to protect yourself.

So, you've come across these terms - variable rate mortgage and adjustable rate mortgage, and you're curious to know what exactly sets them apart. Well, let's dive right in and explore the differences between these two commonly used terms in the world of mortgages. When talking about mortgages, the interest rate is a crucial element to consider. It determines the amount of interest you'll pay on your mortgage and affects your monthly payments. Both variable rate mortgages and adjustable rate mortgages have interest rates that can change over time based on the lender's prime rate, but there are some key distinctions between the two. A variable rate mortgage (also known as a static payment variable mortgage) is a mortgage where even as the interest rate changes, your payment remains the same. What does change is how your payment is allocated between principal and interest. As interest rates rise, more of your payment will go towards interest with less towards principal; and vice versa when rates come down. The payment on a variable rate mortgage may need to change if interest rates go too high and the payment isn’t enough to cover any principal at all; which can result in a mortgage that grows instead of reduces. Lenders will commonly contact clients to advise them of options in order to not let this happen; some lenders will even automatically adjust the payment as well to ensure there is always a little bit of principal being paid down. On the other hand, an adjustable rate mortgage is a mortgage where the payment fluctuates in lockstep with interest rate changes. When interest rates go up, so too does your payment; although, when rates come down, your payment does as well. This type of mortgage ensures that your amortization remains the same and you are always paying down principal even when rates are going up. There can be some pain and decreased cash flow when rates are going up; however, a decrease in rates will result in some breathing room due to an increase in cash flow. The frequency of rate adjustments on a variable or adjustable rate mortgage can vary; many lenders typically adjust the rate in the next month following the rate adjustment; while others will adjust it right away. If you have a variable or adjustable rate mortgage, it is important to know when your lender makes their change so you are well prepared. Most lenders adjust their prime rate based on the Bank Of Canada’s policy interest rate, which has the potential to be adjusted as many as 8 times a year; it is recommended to know when these meetings are; the next one is April 10th, 2024. When deciding between a variable rate mortgage and an adjustable rate mortgage, there are a few factors to consider. Firstly, think about your financial situation and how comfortable you are with potential changes in your monthly payments. If you're on a tight budget and prefer a more predictable payment structure, a fixed-rate mortgage may be a better fit. On the other hand, if you have some flexibility and are prepared for potential rate adjustments, a variable rate or adjustable rate mortgage could be worth considering. If you are prepared for some risk and still want the certainty of a fixed payment then a variable rate mortgage may be the most suitable option; however, it is important to understand the risks of that fixed payment. Remember, choosing the right mortgage type is a significant financial decision that should be based on your unique circumstances and goals. Consulting with a knowledgeable mortgage professional can provide insight and guidance to help you make an informed choice. Feel free to reach out at any time to discuss your options as well as your current situation to make sure it is the right fit for you and your family. In conclusion, the key difference between a variable rate mortgage and an adjustable rate mortgage lies in their payment adjustment mechanisms. With a variable rate mortgage you will have some payment certainty; but, this payment may not cover any principal versus an adjustable rate mortgage where you will always be paying down principal; however, may be in for a bit of a ride if rates adjust. Understanding these differences and carefully evaluating your financial situation and market conditions can help you choose the right mortgage option for you and your family.

So, let's talk about two types of mortgages: the standard charge mortgage and the collateral charge mortgage. Now, you might be wondering what the difference is between these two, and that's what I'm here to explain. First, let's start with the standard charge mortgage. This type of mortgage is what most people are familiar with. In a standard charge mortgage, the amount you borrow is registered with the land registry office for the exact amount of your mortgage. The mortgage, along with any associated fees, is all bundled together and registered as a single charge against the property. Now, let's move on to the collateral charge mortgage. Unlike the standard charge mortgage, a collateral charge mortgage does not register the specific amount of your mortgage. Instead, it may be registered against your property for a higher amount. This higher amount is usually greater than the actual mortgage amount you borrowed. The idea behind a collateral charge mortgage is to give you the flexibility to borrow additional funds without having to go through the refinancing process. If you currently have a mortgage with a Home Equity Line of Credit portion (or HELOC); you likely have a collateral charge mortgage registered on your property. With a collateral charge mortgage, you may be able to borrow up to the registered amount without having to pay costly legal fees or go through the process of refinancing. This can be beneficial if you plan on accessing your home equity for things like renovations or investments in the future. However, it's important to remember that this flexibility comes at a cost. Since the collateral charge is registered for a higher amount, it may limit your ability to switch lenders easily. Future lending flexibility is the key difference between the two types of mortgages. In a standard charge mortgage, if you need to borrow additional funds after you've already obtained your mortgage, you'll have to go through the process of refinancing. This can involve additional legal fees, appraisals, and other costs. The collateral charge mortgage can save you time, money, and hassle, but once again, it's important to consider the limitations of borrowing against the full registered amount. Now, let's explore the implications of these two types of mortgages when it comes to switching lenders. With a standard charge mortgage, if you decide to switch lenders when your mortgage term is up for renewal, the process is fairly straightforward. You can shop around for better rates, negotiate with different lenders, and choose the one that best suits your needs. However, with a collateral charge mortgage, switching lenders can be more complicated. Not all lenders may be willing to take on the full registered amount, so you might be limited to staying with your original lender or refinancing the mortgage with a new lender, with all the associated costs. Many lenders also offer the ability to transfer a collateral charge mortgage; however, there may be additional fees to do so. To summarize, a standard charge mortgage registers the exact amount of your mortgage with the land registry office, while a collateral charge mortgage registers a higher amount against your property to allow for future borrowing flexibility. With a standard charge mortgage, you'll need to refinance if you want to access additional funds, whereas with a collateral charge mortgage, you may be able to access those funds without refinancing. However, the flexibility of a collateral charge mortgage comes with limitations, as switching lenders can be more challenging. Ultimately, it's important to work with a Mortgage Broker and consider your future borrowing needs and weigh the benefits and limitations of each type of mortgage before making a decision.

A Home Equity Line of Credit, or HELOC, as it is commonly referred to is a method of tapping into your home's equity, much like a mortgage refinance or 2nd mortgage; except there are some key differences between them.

A HELOC is a type of mortgage that is still secured by the property; however works more like a credit card than a normal mortgage. A HELOC allows a client to draw funds as required, instead of a normal mortgage that is commonly one lump sum at the start. A HELOC is a type of re-advanceable loan, or revolving loan.

The flexibility of a HELOC is one of the main benefits of the product since you are accessing funds as they are required, and therefore you will only incur interest costs on funds you actually use, not the full limit available. This can be particularly useful for home renovations, unexpected expenses or other significant financial needs that may arise. Sometimes it is better to have access to funds as needed; rather than just have a large sum of money in an account.

Another benefit of a HELOC is that they can be paid back at anytime without penalties. This is different from most regular mortgages, where you are only able to pay back the full balance at the end of the term; otherwise you may incur a prepayment penalty, which can be substantial. With a HELOC you can make as small or as large of a payment as you want, as long as you are covering the minimum amount required by the lender. The minimum payment is normally the monthly interest plus an amount required to payoff some of the principal. Every lender is different in how they structure their minimum payments.

A further benefit of a HELOC can also be viewed as a drawback at the same time. Unlike many other types of revolving loans, such as credit cards and standard Lines of Credit that feature high interest rates on balances, a HELOC features fairly low interest rates; however, these rates are normally higher than the interest rate on a regular mortgage and a HELOC's interest rates are variable, not fixed. Since they are variable, fluctuations in the lender's prime rate will affect the amount of interest that is charged and the ability to cover even just the interest costs may be affected in a rising rate environment. 

As an example, if we look at a HELOC when prime rates were historically low in 2020 and 2021, versus when prime rates peaked in 2023; we can see a drastic difference in the interest cost incurred on a HELOC. The common rate of interest on a HELOC is prime plus a half percent or a full percent; for the purpose of our example we will use prime plus a half percent and a HELOC balance of $250,000. When prime was at it's lowest, the interest rate on the HELOC would have been 2.95% and the monthly interest costs would have been roughly $614. That same HELOC would have featured a rate of 7.7% in 2023 and the monthly interest cost would have been $1,604; or almost a thousand dollars more per month.

Many people drew large amounts from their HELOCs when rates were low for things like investments, renovations or a down payment on a second home or investment property and may have been unprepared and affected negatively when the prime rate started rising. Since a HELOC is secured by the home just like a regular mortgage; failure to repay could result in a foreclosure or power of sale of the property.

It is important to discuss your financial needs and plans with a Mortgage Broker in order to ensure you have the proper product in place for your future needs. If your HELOC may be drawn to it's limit for an extended period; it may be better to look at a regular mortgage instead. Everybody's situation is different and there is no one size fits all HELOC or mortgage.

It is important to note that just like a standard Line of Credit, which is not secured by property, a HELOC is a Demand Loan, which means that the lender can demand repayment at anytime or even adjust the interest rate or limit whenever they would like. If the lender sees that a client is potentially at risk of not being able to cover their expenses; they may look to limit their exposure to loss just in case. This is different from a regular mortgage, where the lender cannot make changes during the term of the mortgage.

When it comes to applying for a mortgage, there are two important numbers that your Mortgage Broker will pay attention to when qualifying you for the mortgage. These are your Gross Debt Service, or GDS, and Total Debt Service, or TDS, ratios. They are commonly referred to as the debt service ratios or qualifying ratios, and depending on the type of mortgage product you require, they may be the most important aspect of your application and possibly the deciding factor in whether you are approved for the mortgage or not.

The purpose of the GDS and TDS is to determine whether the future mortgage payment can be afforded by the potential borrower. It is important to note that for mortgages, when calculating the GDS and TDS, your Mortgage Broker will use a rate that is different from your actual contract rate, in order to keep within regulations. This is called applying the 'Stress Test' and we use the benchmark rate of 5.25% or your contract rate plus 2%, whichever is higher. As an example, let's say the current contract rate is 4.99%. Your Mortgage Broker will need to use 6.99% in order to calculate your GDS and TDS to qualify you for the mortgage.

The 'Stress Test' is put in place to ensure that borrowers can not only afford their mortgage payment currently, but can also afford the payment if rates were to rise in the future.

In the instance of an Insured mortgage, one with less than 20% down payment, and an Insurable mortgage, one with more than 20% down, but still within the guidelines of an Insured mortgage; the maximum GDS and TDS are 39% and 44% respectively. There are no exceptions allowed and a clients GDS and TDS cannot go over the maximums, even by the slightest point of a percent.

Some Uninsured mortgage lenders do have programs available that feature extended qualifying ratios where the lender will mitigate the higher GDS and TDS numbers by looking at the strength of the application overall and potentially approve the client even with a higher GDS and TDS.

The Gross Debt Service, or GDS ratio is calculated by dividing the total housing costs by the total household gross income, or income before taxes. Basically, it calculates the percentage of a client's income that is required to pay all monthly housing costs. The amounts used for housing costs are the qualifying mortgage payment, including principal and interest, as well as property tax and heat expense. For condominium properties, half of the condominium fees are also included. When applying for a 2nd or 3rd mortgage, the other mortgage payments would also be included in this calculation as well.

For example, if your household income is $150,000 annually, or $12,500 monthly; the total housing costs must be less than 39%, meaning $58,500 per year, or $4,875 per month. If the housing expenses were to amount to more than $4,875 per month, the mortgage may not be approved.

The calculation for the Total Debt Service, or TDS ratio is similar; however along with housing expenses used to calculate the GDS, it includes all other liabilities as well. This will include any other liability that would result in a balance owing if not paid; such as credit card payments, line of credit and loan payments, car payments, child support, and others. Housing expenses for any other properties would also be included in the TDS calculation.

Using the example from before, if your household income is $150,000 annually, or $12,500 monthly; the total housing costs and other liabilities must be less than 44%, or $66,000 per year, or $5,500 per month. If they were to calculate higher, the mortgage may not be approved.

When applying for a mortgage, it is important that your Mortgage Broker properly calculates your GDS and TDS ratios ahead of time and knows different lenders guidelines regarding maximum ratios. This will ensure that you are aware of the maximum mortgage that you would qualify for.

While it is true that there are many things considered when you apply for a mortgage, such as credit score and credit history; the GDS and TDS ratios are often the most important factor and may present a hard stop on an application. Going over the maximum ratios may lead to a mortgage application being declined even when everything else on the file is good.